Item Slam
Patch 7.41f
Urn of Shadows in patch 7.41f: WPA of the purchase on 31 heroes, by role and build slot, against the other items bought in the same slot. Highest WPA, still inconclusive: Necrophos core, 2nd lane item (+6.21 pp).
WPA of the item against the other items bought in the same slot, in matches of every rank. Slots with fewer than 30 purchases are left out.
| Hero | Role | Slot | Purchases | WPA | 95% CI | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Necrophos | Core | 2nd lane item | 110 (1.2%) | +6.21 | +0.67 to +11.55 | Inconclusive |
 Spirit Breaker | Core | Lane item | 65 (4.9%) | +4.23 | −0.09 to +9.09 | Inconclusive |
 Slark | Support | Lane item | 42 (6.1%) | +4.14 | −3.31 to +11.76 | Inconclusive |
 Snapfire | Support | 2nd lane item | 182 (19.4%) | +3.96 | +0.94 to +7.42 | Inconclusive |
 Rubick | Core | Lane item | 131 (4.4%) | +3.87 | +0.66 to +7.12 | Inconclusive |
 Queen of Pain | Core | Lane item | 142 (2.2%) | +3.85 | −0.10 to +8.11 | Inconclusive |
| Queen of Pain | Core | 2nd lane item | 250 (5.3%) | +3.65 | −0.67 to +7.76 | Inconclusive |
 Nyx Assassin | Core | Lane item | 39 (1.9%) | +3.25 | −1.17 to +8.35 | Inconclusive |
 Wraith King | Core | Lane item | 75 (1.4%) | +3.24 | −5.09 to +10.92 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Core | 2nd lane item | 67 (9.0%) | +3.17 | −1.93 to +7.11 | Inconclusive |
 Skywrath Mage | Support | Lane item | 86 (1.2%) | +2.84 | −2.44 to +8.70 | Inconclusive |
 Zeus | Support | Lane item | 117 (2.3%) | +2.81 | −3.92 to +11.72 | Inconclusive |
 Crystal Maiden | Support | 3º | 31 (14.8%) | +2.58 | −0.50 to +5.49 | Inconclusive |
 Pudge | Core | Lane item | 237 (1.3%) | +2.58 | −0.80 to +6.03 | Inconclusive |
 Lina | Support | Lane item | 36 (4.5%) | +2.51 | −5.90 to +11.32 | Inconclusive |
 Invoker | Core | Lane item | 153 (0.9%) | +2.37 | −1.26 to +5.79 | Inconclusive |
| Snapfire | Support | Lane item | 260 (5.3%) | +2.20 | −2.11 to +6.72 | Inconclusive |
| Queen of Pain | Core | 3º | 114 (19.7%) | +2.18 | −1.00 to +5.11 | Inconclusive |
| Rubick | Core | 2nd lane item | 248 (19.6%) | +1.71 | −0.71 to +4.61 | Inconclusive |
| Rubick | Core | 3º | 53 (28.5%) | +1.66 | +0.47 to +3.33 | Inconclusive |
 Ogre Magi | Support | Lane item | 190 (4.8%) | +1.60 | −3.74 to +6.40 | Inconclusive |
| Queen of Pain | Support | Lane item | 312 (44.8%) | +1.58 | −1.11 to +4.11 | Inconclusive |
 Undying | Support | 2nd lane item | 208 (15.5%) | +1.56 | −1.93 to +4.96 | Inconclusive |
| Undying | Support | Lane item | 332 (4.8%) | +1.55 | −2.79 to +6.40 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Core | 3º | 34 (22.8%) | +1.48 | −0.91 to +3.81 | Inconclusive |
| Skywrath Mage | Support | 3º | 49 (2.6%) | +1.48 | −3.84 to +6.59 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Support | Lane item | 4,449 (16.1%) | +1.32 | +0.18 to +2.61 | Inconclusive |
| Nyx Assassin | Support | Lane item | 1,801 (23.9%) | +1.22 | −0.58 to +2.69 | Inconclusive |
| Queen of Pain | Support | 2nd lane item | 139 (29.9%) | +1.20 | −0.58 to +2.83 | Inconclusive |
 Disruptor | Support | Lane item | 1,173 (12.8%) | +1.14 | −1.14 to +3.68 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Support | 3º | 32 (24.1%) | +1.06 | −0.14 to +2.44 | Inconclusive |
 Grimstroke | Support | 2nd lane item | 322 (40.0%) | +1.05 | −0.65 to +3.10 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Core | 2nd lane item | 697 (5.1%) | +1.02 | −1.91 to +4.67 | Inconclusive |
 Dark Willow | Support | Lane item | 4,211 (34.6%) | +1.00 | −0.14 to +2.16 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Core | 2nd lane item | 202 (1.5%) | +0.90 | −3.13 to +4.98 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Support | Lane item | 1,820 (55.9%) | +0.88 | −0.37 to +1.99 | Inconclusive |
 Techies | Support | 3º | 77 (15.6%) | +0.75 | −1.46 to +2.90 | Inconclusive |
| Techies | Support | 2nd lane item | 474 (8.6%) | +0.75 | −1.57 to +3.95 | Inconclusive |
| Rubick | Support | 3º | 59 (28.8%) | +0.71 | −0.66 to +2.40 | Inconclusive |
| Dark Willow | Support | 3º | 66 (35.7%) | +0.68 | −0.71 to +2.05 | Inconclusive |
| Skywrath Mage | Support | 2nd lane item | 135 (2.5%) | +0.66 | −4.89 to +5.28 | Inconclusive |
| Rubick | Support | Lane item | 6,060 (29.8%) | +0.62 | −0.59 to +1.75 | Inconclusive |
 Lich | Support | Lane item | 220 (2.8%) | +0.60 | −5.00 to +6.42 | Inconclusive |
 Ember Spirit | Core | 2nd lane item | 9,625 (78.0%) | +0.57 | −2.83 to +3.40 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Support | 2nd lane item | 602 (29.6%) | +0.56 | −0.40 to +1.76 | Inconclusive |
| Nyx Assassin | Core | 2nd lane item | 47 (5.3%) | +0.53 | −4.91 to +6.12 | Inconclusive |
| Disruptor | Support | 2nd lane item | 549 (41.6%) | +0.50 | −0.89 to +1.81 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Support | 2nd lane item | 601 (35.2%) | +0.50 | −0.65 to +1.83 | Inconclusive |
 Witch Doctor | Core | Lane item | 38 (44.7%) | +0.46 | −1.57 to +2.27 | Inconclusive |
| Nyx Assassin | Support | 2nd lane item | 784 (40.0%) | +0.32 | −0.67 to +1.39 | Inconclusive |
| Dark Willow | Support | 2nd lane item | 3,082 (48.5%) | +0.29 | −0.20 to +0.67 | Inconclusive |
 Mirana | Support | 2nd lane item | 4,656 (45.7%) | +0.23 | −0.09 to +0.56 | Inconclusive |
| Necrophos | Core | Lane item | 51 (0.4%) | +0.21 | −6.46 to +6.22 | Inconclusive |
 Winter Wyvern | Support | 2nd lane item | 524 (27.9%) | +0.21 | −2.12 to +2.31 | Inconclusive |
| Ember Spirit | Support | 2nd lane item | 67 (57.3%) | +0.19 | −0.23 to +0.54 | Inconclusive |
| Witch Doctor | Support | 2nd lane item | 1,045 (40.2%) | +0.15 | −0.48 to +0.79 | Inconclusive |
| Ogre Magi | Support | 2nd lane item | 99 (12.6%) | +0.10 | −4.93 to +4.90 | Inconclusive |
| Rubick | Support | 2nd lane item | 3,925 (48.9%) | +0.08 | −0.27 to +0.46 | Inconclusive |
 Windranger | Support | Lane item | 3,373 (37.3%) | +0.08 | −1.07 to +1.24 | Inconclusive |
 Hoodwink | Support | 2nd lane item | 4,545 (53.9%) | +0.03 | −0.11 to +0.16 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Core | 3º | 811 (18.3%) | +0.00 | −0.80 to +0.71 | Inconclusive |
 Bounty Hunter | Support | 2nd lane item | 2,324 (53.8%) | −0.01 | −0.18 to +0.14 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Support | 2nd lane item | 2,493 (39.8%) | −0.04 | −0.65 to +0.49 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Support | 3º | 237 (32.1%) | −0.05 | −1.66 to +1.42 | Inconclusive |
| Witch Doctor | Support | Lane item | 3,069 (31.6%) | −0.08 | −1.47 to +1.12 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Support | 3º | 113 (31.5%) | −0.13 | −0.77 to +0.43 | Inconclusive |
| Mirana | Core | 2nd lane item | 82 (17.1%) | −0.16 | −3.36 to +3.02 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Core | 4º+ | 132 (55.2%) | −0.17 | −1.48 to +1.18 | Inconclusive |
| Grimstroke | Support | Lane item | 623 (9.7%) | −0.18 | −3.01 to +3.52 | Inconclusive |
| Hoodwink | Support | Lane item | 6,486 (41.5%) | −0.20 | −0.94 to +0.81 | Inconclusive |
| Zeus | Support | 2nd lane item | 33 (2.0%) | −0.20 | −6.13 to +6.89 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Support | 2nd lane item | 2,049 (25.6%) | −0.21 | −1.35 to +0.81 | Inconclusive |
| Ember Spirit | Core | 3º | 129 (50.4%) | −0.27 | −1.51 to +0.68 | Inconclusive |
| Mirana | Support | 3º | 163 (40.0%) | −0.36 | −1.83 to +0.85 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Support | Lane item | 2,486 (26.5%) | −0.39 | −1.83 to +1.32 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Core | 3º | 125 (2.3%) | −0.40 | −3.93 to +3.07 | Inconclusive |
| Ember Spirit | Support | Lane item | 76 (44.7%) | −0.42 | −2.21 to +1.46 | Inconclusive |
 Axe | Support | 2nd lane item | 50 (24.8%) | −0.43 | −2.92 to +1.75 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Support | 3º | 186 (17.7%) | −0.54 | −2.02 to +0.87 | Inconclusive |
 Phantom Lancer | Core | Lane item | 48 (0.4%) | −0.60 | −9.88 to +7.62 | Inconclusive |
| Hoodwink | Core | 2nd lane item | 33 (25.4%) | −0.64 | −4.43 to +3.12 | Inconclusive |
| Bounty Hunter | Support | Lane item | 5,748 (44.9%) | −0.64 | −1.52 to +0.18 | Inconclusive |
| Mirana | Support | Lane item | 8,378 (48.5%) | −0.71 | −1.39 to +0.02 | Inconclusive |
| Bounty Hunter | Support | 3º | 34 (36.2%) | −0.87 | −2.97 to +0.90 | Inconclusive |
| Lich | Support | 2nd lane item | 122 (23.2%) | −0.88 | −4.70 to +2.92 | Inconclusive |
| Techies | Support | Lane item | 852 (6.4%) | −1.01 | −3.85 to +1.98 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Support | Lane item | 228 (48.4%) | −1.06 | −3.67 to +1.47 | Inconclusive |
| Hoodwink | Support | 3º | 63 (37.3%) | −1.17 | −3.08 to +0.77 | Inconclusive |
| Crystal Maiden | Support | 2nd lane item | 201 (7.9%) | −1.36 | −4.84 to +3.40 | Inconclusive |
| Necrophos | Core | 3º | 81 (3.6%) | −1.46 | −6.47 to +3.44 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Core | Lane item | 324 (2.9%) | −1.68 | −5.95 to +2.57 | Inconclusive |
| Crystal Maiden | Support | Lane item | 255 (3.0%) | −1.85 | −7.03 to +3.62 | Inconclusive |
| Winter Wyvern | Support | Lane item | 694 (5.2%) | −1.91 | −5.00 to +1.04 | Inconclusive |
 Night Stalker | Core | 2nd lane item | 150 (2.0%) | −2.09 | −7.01 to +2.56 | Inconclusive |
| Mirana | Core | Lane item | 158 (19.1%) | −2.15 | −5.90 to +0.99 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Core | 2nd lane item | 187 (2.9%) | −2.24 | −6.57 to +2.01 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Core | Lane item | 90 (0.8%) | −2.47 | −7.39 to +2.16 | Inconclusive |
| Ember Spirit | Core | Lane item | 3,204 (22.3%) | −2.50 | −3.90 to −1.09 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Core | 3º | 59 (4.6%) | −2.81 | −8.18 to +1.65 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Core | 3º | 37 (0.8%) | −3.16 | −9.51 to +1.43 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Core | 2nd lane item | 62 (0.7%) | −3.24 | −8.80 to +0.87 | Inconclusive |
| Bounty Hunter | Core | Lane item | 36 (19.9%) | −4.29 | −7.58 to −1.11 | Inconclusive |
| Night Stalker | Core | 3º | 102 (4.5%) | −4.64 | −9.10 to −0.48 | Inconclusive |
| Night Stalker | Core | Lane item | 117 (1.1%) | −5.45 | −10.64 to −0.12 | Inconclusive |
Win probability added: how much choosing an item changed the chance of winning, in percentage points, compared with what the hero usually buys in that same slot and situation. +1.0 means the choice won 1 percentage point more than the typical purchase. Unlike raw win rate, it accounts for the game state when the item was bought, so an item bought from ahead doesn't look good just because the game was already won.
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th+ count completed items. Components that become another item in most matches (Perseverance, Dragon Lance, Kaya) do not take a slot: the item they build into does. Boots get a card of their own.
The ✓ Better or ✕ Worse badge only appears when the effect passes the false discovery control (10%) in both ways of measuring: at the start of the decision and at the moment of purchase. Without a badge, the sign of the WPA is a trend.
Ranked (All Pick) matches parsed by OpenDota in the current patch. One model estimates the chance of winning from the game state; another, the effect of each item at the time of the decision. It is association, not causation: the model sees the game, not who is playing.