Item Slam
Patch 7.41f
Black King Bar in patch 7.41f: WPA of the purchase on 41 heroes, by role and build slot, against the other items bought in the same slot. Best confirmed result: Spirit Breaker support, 2nd item (+5.17 pp).
WPA of the item against the other items bought in the same slot, in matches of every rank. Slots with fewer than 30 purchases are left out.
| Hero | Role | Slot | Purchases | WPA | 95% CI | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Nyx Assassin | Core | 3rd item | 35 (2.5%) | +8.27 | +2.67 to +14.51 | Inconclusive |
 Spirit Breaker | Support | 1st item | 93 (0.6%) | +7.84 | +3.75 to +12.63 | Inconclusive |
| Nyx Assassin | Core | 4th+ item | 47 (3.4%) | +6.74 | +0.88 to +12.96 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Support | 2nd item | 775 (5.9%) | +5.17 | +2.56 to +7.74 | ✓ Better |
 Shadow Shaman | Support | 3rd item | 295 (5.8%) | +5.03 | +1.80 to +7.94 | Inconclusive |
 Magnus | Support | 2nd item | 53 (2.5%) | +4.34 | +0.32 to +8.00 | Inconclusive |
 Lich | Support | 4th+ item | 88 (2.0%) | +4.12 | −0.18 to +8.25 | Inconclusive |
| Magnus | Support | 3rd item | 84 (6.5%) | +3.82 | +0.12 to +7.65 | Inconclusive |
| Shadow Shaman | Support | 2nd item | 187 (2.5%) | +3.22 | −0.23 to +6.71 | Inconclusive |
 Windranger | Support | 3rd item | 341 (6.9%) | +3.19 | +0.73 to +5.62 | Inconclusive |
 Lion | Core | 2nd item | 75 (3.7%) | +2.80 | −0.45 to +7.17 | Inconclusive |
| Shadow Shaman | Support | 4th+ item | 270 (9.3%) | +2.79 | −0.20 to +5.55 | Inconclusive |
 Crystal Maiden | Support | 2nd item | 336 (3.6%) | +2.58 | −1.11 to +5.54 | Inconclusive |
| Lion | Core | 4th+ item | 533 (18.0%) | +1.88 | −0.27 to +3.68 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Core | 2nd item | 51 (3.7%) | +1.83 | −2.27 to +5.75 | Inconclusive |
| Lion | Support | 2nd item | 58 (0.5%) | +1.73 | −2.83 to +7.08 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Support | 2nd item | 350 (4.6%) | +1.70 | −0.48 to +4.04 | Inconclusive |
| Magnus | Support | 4th+ item | 57 (8.4%) | +1.50 | −1.65 to +4.57 | Inconclusive |
| Lion | Support | 4th+ item | 195 (4.0%) | +1.22 | −1.29 to +3.98 | Inconclusive |
 Axe | Support | 3rd item | 48 (13.6%) | +0.91 | −2.08 to +3.45 | Inconclusive |
 Undying | Core | 1st item | 61 (2.2%) | +0.88 | −3.32 to +5.14 | Inconclusive |
 Invoker | Support | 2nd item | 41 (1.5%) | +0.76 | −2.96 to +4.40 | Inconclusive |
| Lion | Core | 3rd item | 320 (19.2%) | +0.66 | −1.76 to +3.06 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Support | 3rd item | 68 (3.8%) | +0.62 | −3.15 to +4.97 | Inconclusive |
| Crystal Maiden | Support | 3rd item | 2,287 (33.9%) | +0.41 | −0.73 to +1.22 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Support | 4th+ item | 394 (9.1%) | +0.41 | −1.88 to +2.95 | Inconclusive |
 Techies | Support | 2nd item | 83 (0.7%) | +0.26 | −3.95 to +4.47 | Inconclusive |
 Pudge | Support | 3rd item | 2,503 (12.0%) | +0.14 | −0.93 to +1.31 | Inconclusive |
| Undying | Core | 2nd item | 360 (14.1%) | +0.09 | −2.50 to +2.95 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Support | 4th+ item | 1,418 (12.0%) | +0.03 | −1.23 to +1.28 | Inconclusive |
 Rubick | Core | 3rd item | 44 (1.7%) | +0.02 | −5.30 to +4.52 | Inconclusive |
 Night Stalker | Core | 3rd item | 3,138 (38.0%) | −0.01 | −0.68 to +0.71 | Inconclusive |
| Undying | Core | 3rd item | 325 (16.3%) | −0.03 | −2.58 to +2.26 | Inconclusive |
| Crystal Maiden | Core | 3rd item | 180 (65.9%) | −0.12 | −0.99 to +0.69 | Inconclusive |
| Night Stalker | Core | 2nd item | 3,206 (32.3%) | −0.19 | −0.84 to +0.39 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Support | 4th+ item | 53 (17.7%) | −0.21 | −2.44 to +1.72 | Inconclusive |
 Sniper | Core | 3rd item | 399 (10.4%) | −0.22 | −2.91 to +2.45 | Inconclusive |
| Lion | Support | 3rd item | 171 (2.2%) | −0.29 | −3.16 to +2.76 | Inconclusive |
 Earthshaker | Support | 4th+ item | 250 (8.7%) | −0.29 | −3.38 to +2.26 | Inconclusive |
| Rubick | Support | 4th+ item | 118 (0.8%) | −0.37 | −4.51 to +3.40 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Core | 3rd item | 4,475 (40.5%) | −0.47 | −1.21 to +0.25 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Support | 3rd item | 833 (11.3%) | −0.57 | −2.87 to +1.42 | Inconclusive |
 Zeus | Core | 4th+ item | 136 (2.8%) | −0.60 | −4.49 to +3.85 | Inconclusive |
 Dawnbreaker | Core | 3rd item | 4,206 (38.4%) | −0.65 | −1.34 to +0.00 | Inconclusive |
 Legion Commander | Core | 3rd item | 5,024 (60.7%) | −0.66 | −1.18 to −0.10 | Inconclusive |
| Crystal Maiden | Support | 4th+ item | 1,227 (24.7%) | −0.71 | −1.88 to +0.44 | Inconclusive |
 Mirana | Core | 3rd item | 32 (5.8%) | −0.75 | −4.33 to +3.44 | Inconclusive |
 Dragon Knight | Core | 3rd item | 13,138 (65.8%) | −0.77 | −1.03 to −0.50 | ✕ Worse |
| Magnus | Core | 3rd item | 1,891 (32.5%) | −0.79 | −1.78 to +0.37 | Inconclusive |
 Sven | Core | 3rd item | 10,584 (72.4%) | −0.85 | −1.15 to −0.57 | Inconclusive |
| Undying | Support | 2nd item | 59 (0.9%) | −0.90 | −4.87 to +3.84 | Inconclusive |
 Bounty Hunter | Support | 2nd item | 47 (0.3%) | −1.06 | −5.90 to +3.08 | Inconclusive |
| Bounty Hunter | Core | 2nd item | 32 (20.6%) | −1.11 | −5.72 to +2.54 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Support | 4th+ item | 289 (9.4%) | −1.12 | −3.20 to +1.16 | Inconclusive |
| Undying | Core | 4th+ item | 293 (11.9%) | −1.23 | −3.84 to +1.29 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Core | 3rd item | 1,188 (16.2%) | −1.30 | −2.44 to +0.33 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Core | 3rd item | 5,990 (39.6%) | −1.36 | −1.82 to −0.84 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Core | 2nd item | 4,226 (43.6%) | −1.37 | −2.03 to −0.70 | Inconclusive |
| Rubick | Core | 4th+ item | 184 (4.4%) | −1.37 | −5.24 to +2.46 | Inconclusive |
 Witch Doctor | Support | 2nd item | 35 (0.4%) | −1.40 | −5.76 to +2.58 | Inconclusive |
| Dawnbreaker | Core | 2nd item | 1,391 (11.0%) | −1.42 | −3.41 to +0.23 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Core | 3rd item | 2,156 (16.4%) | −1.42 | −2.69 to +0.22 | Inconclusive |
| Mirana | Support | 4th+ item | 56 (0.9%) | −1.53 | −7.13 to +4.17 | Inconclusive |
| Witch Doctor | Support | 3rd item | 122 (1.8%) | −1.56 | −5.58 to +2.50 | Inconclusive |
 Lina | Core | 3rd item | 1,410 (16.5%) | −1.66 | −3.52 to −0.01 | Inconclusive |
| Crystal Maiden | Core | 4th+ item | 58 (13.0%) | −1.67 | −3.94 to +1.00 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Support | 2nd item | 1,818 (5.5%) | −1.71 | −3.31 to −0.31 | ✕ Worse |
| Techies | Support | 3rd item | 135 (1.8%) | −1.75 | −6.17 to +3.39 | Inconclusive |
| Legion Commander | Core | 4th+ item | 1,270 (13.3%) | −1.78 | −3.38 to −0.15 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Core | 1st item | 215 (1.3%) | −1.80 | −6.09 to +2.20 | Inconclusive |
| Bounty Hunter | Support | 3rd item | 97 (1.1%) | −1.86 | −6.26 to +1.60 | Inconclusive |
| Magnus | Core | 2nd item | 1,394 (19.5%) | −2.09 | −3.90 to −0.04 | Inconclusive |
| Techies | Support | 4th+ item | 203 (4.5%) | −2.15 | −6.39 to +1.35 | Inconclusive |
| Earthshaker | Core | 4th+ item | 3,050 (23.6%) | −2.20 | −3.24 to −1.28 | Inconclusive |
 Ogre Magi | Core | 4th+ item | 640 (23.8%) | −2.20 | −4.04 to −0.35 | Inconclusive |
 Necrophos | Core | 3rd item | 1,220 (9.9%) | −2.21 | −4.20 to −0.62 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Support | 1st item | 196 (2.2%) | −2.24 | −5.54 to +0.97 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Core | 2nd item | 2,298 (14.8%) | −2.26 | −3.69 to −0.75 | Inconclusive |
| Ogre Magi | Support | 4th+ item | 92 (3.4%) | −2.28 | −6.09 to +1.40 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Support | 4th+ item | 82 (6.7%) | −2.28 | −5.11 to +0.71 | Inconclusive |
| Mirana | Core | 4th+ item | 48 (7.1%) | −2.31 | −6.26 to +2.07 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Core | 4th+ item | 2,195 (13.3%) | −2.40 | −3.42 to −1.37 | Inconclusive |
| Night Stalker | Core | 4th+ item | 1,606 (13.9%) | −2.43 | −3.29 to −1.43 | Inconclusive |
| Undying | Support | 3rd item | 68 (1.8%) | −2.44 | −6.64 to +1.62 | Inconclusive |
| Sniper | Core | 2nd item | 307 (6.7%) | −2.48 | −5.68 to +0.50 | Inconclusive |
| Magnus | Core | 4th+ item | 723 (10.9%) | −2.54 | −4.17 to −0.28 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Core | 4th+ item | 3,928 (20.3%) | −2.58 | −3.47 to −1.65 | Inconclusive |
 Luna | Core | 4th+ item | 7,445 (16.6%) | −2.58 | −3.43 to −1.82 | Inconclusive |
| Zeus | Support | 4th+ item | 30 (0.6%) | −2.64 | −6.27 to +1.93 | Inconclusive |
| Night Stalker | Core | 1st item | 188 (1.8%) | −2.66 | −7.11 to +1.45 | Inconclusive |
| Earthshaker | Support | 3rd item | 102 (2.9%) | −2.68 | −5.78 to +0.93 | Inconclusive |
| Sniper | Core | 4th+ item | 546 (9.6%) | −2.78 | −5.19 to −0.34 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Core | 4th+ item | 156 (12.1%) | −2.86 | −5.52 to +0.36 | Inconclusive |
| Witch Doctor | Support | 4th+ item | 411 (9.5%) | −2.94 | −5.62 to −0.17 | Inconclusive |
| Dragon Knight | Core | 2nd item | 873 (4.0%) | −2.97 | −5.16 to −0.83 | Inconclusive |
 Wraith King | Core | 3rd item | 424 (9.4%) | −3.00 | −5.86 to −0.52 | Inconclusive |
 Snapfire | Core | 4th+ item | 1,654 (19.9%) | −3.01 | −4.17 to −1.86 | Inconclusive |
| Bounty Hunter | Support | 4th+ item | 101 (1.8%) | −3.06 | −7.32 to +0.29 | Inconclusive |
| Snapfire | Support | 3rd item | 80 (2.0%) | −3.06 | −6.93 to +0.99 | Inconclusive |
| Snapfire | Core | 3rd item | 1,262 (25.0%) | −3.13 | −5.00 to −1.55 | Inconclusive |
 Queen of Pain | Core | 3rd item | 823 (16.6%) | −3.16 | −5.19 to −1.26 | Inconclusive |
| Techies | Core | 4th+ item | 105 (13.1%) | −3.18 | −7.22 to +0.38 | Inconclusive |
| Snapfire | Support | 4th+ item | 221 (6.9%) | −3.20 | −5.92 to −0.12 | Inconclusive |
| Invoker | Core | 4th+ item | 2,237 (10.5%) | −3.22 | −4.54 to −1.93 | Inconclusive |
| Undying | Support | 4th+ item | 86 (4.5%) | −3.31 | −6.78 to +1.02 | Inconclusive |
| Legion Commander | Core | 2nd item | 221 (2.3%) | −3.39 | −7.65 to +0.73 | Inconclusive |
| Dragon Knight | Core | 4th+ item | 3,347 (10.2%) | −3.43 | −4.44 to −2.53 | Inconclusive |
| Earthshaker | Core | 2nd item | 278 (3.2%) | −3.44 | −6.56 to +0.30 | Inconclusive |
| Axe | Core | 2nd item | 87 (0.7%) | −3.44 | −6.90 to −0.39 | Inconclusive |
| Dawnbreaker | Core | 4th+ item | 1,943 (12.4%) | −3.62 | −4.65 to −2.42 | Inconclusive |
| Snapfire | Core | 2nd item | 127 (2.2%) | −3.69 | −7.47 to +0.39 | Inconclusive |
| Wraith King | Core | 4th+ item | 1,165 (13.8%) | −3.77 | −5.47 to −2.35 | Inconclusive |
| Sven | Core | 4th+ item | 2,379 (5.8%) | −3.93 | −5.20 to −2.68 | Inconclusive |
 Drow Ranger | Core | 3rd item | 3,611 (13.3%) | −3.94 | −5.10 to −2.92 | ✕ Worse |
 Ember Spirit | Core | 3rd item | 2,527 (21.2%) | −3.96 | −5.36 to −2.64 | ✕ Worse |
| Ember Spirit | Core | 2nd item | 2,283 (17.0%) | −4.08 | −5.70 to −2.54 | Inconclusive |
| Luna | Core | 2nd item | 147 (0.9%) | −4.09 | −7.38 to −0.60 | Inconclusive |
| Lina | Core | 4th+ item | 1,373 (11.0%) | −4.10 | −5.53 to −2.53 | Inconclusive |
| Spirit Breaker | Core | 3rd item | 115 (10.6%) | −4.17 | −7.99 to −1.21 | Inconclusive |
| Earthshaker | Core | 3rd item | 1,374 (17.6%) | −4.22 | −5.70 to −2.41 | ✕ Worse |
 Lifestealer | Core | 3rd item | 174 (1.4%) | −4.41 | −7.98 to −0.81 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Core | 4th+ item | 414 (4.6%) | −4.53 | −6.68 to −2.60 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Support | 1st item | 57 (0.1%) | −4.61 | −8.95 to −0.51 | Inconclusive |
| Queen of Pain | Core | 4th+ item | 838 (9.8%) | −4.65 | −6.43 to −2.76 | Inconclusive |
| Luna | Core | 3rd item | 2,816 (18.1%) | −4.81 | −5.93 to −3.74 | ✕ Worse |
| Pudge | Core | 2nd item | 2,267 (12.2%) | −4.89 | −6.12 to −3.56 | ✕ Worse |
| Queen of Pain | Core | 2nd item | 766 (13.2%) | −4.92 | −7.05 to −2.54 | Inconclusive |
| Drow Ranger | Core | 4th+ item | 4,962 (10.7%) | −4.98 | −5.98 to −4.05 | ✕ Worse |
| Sniper | Core | 1st item | 57 (1.1%) | −5.04 | −9.54 to −0.65 | Inconclusive |
| Ember Spirit | Core | 4th+ item | 2,076 (10.7%) | −5.11 | −6.44 to −3.82 | ✕ Worse |
| Sven | Core | 2nd item | 386 (2.5%) | −5.12 | −8.73 to −2.04 | Inconclusive |
| Lina | Core | 2nd item | 1,136 (10.9%) | −5.26 | −6.88 to −3.27 | ✕ Worse |
| Necrophos | Core | 4th+ item | 2,332 (10.0%) | −5.40 | −6.69 to −4.05 | Inconclusive |
| Drow Ranger | Core | 2nd item | 1,649 (4.9%) | −5.41 | −7.15 to −3.88 | ✕ Worse |
| Ogre Magi | Core | 3rd item | 109 (6.7%) | −5.45 | −8.93 to −2.36 | ✕ Worse |
 Slark | Core | 3rd item | 1,794 (12.3%) | −5.48 | −6.97 to −4.17 | ✕ Worse |
 Outworld Devourer | Core | 4th+ item | 3,854 (14.1%) | −5.79 | −6.76 to −4.64 | ✕ Worse |
| Lifestealer | Core | 4th+ item | 565 (2.7%) | −6.29 | −8.85 to −3.46 | Inconclusive |
| Queen of Pain | Core | 1st item | 263 (4.2%) | −6.39 | −10.24 to −2.71 | Inconclusive |
| Dawnbreaker | Core | 1st item | 672 (5.0%) | −6.47 | −9.40 to −3.61 | Inconclusive |
| Necrophos | Core | 2nd item | 226 (1.7%) | −6.54 | −10.18 to −3.35 | Inconclusive |
| Outworld Devourer | Core | 3rd item | 2,126 (13.9%) | −6.55 | −8.14 to −4.87 | ✕ Worse |
| Slark | Core | 4th+ item | 2,618 (9.5%) | −6.65 | −8.09 to −5.25 | ✕ Worse |
 Anti-Mage | Core | 3rd item | 534 (4.7%) | −6.74 | −9.40 to −4.07 | ✕ Worse |
| Anti-Mage | Core | 4th+ item | 2,606 (14.2%) | −7.09 | −8.49 to −5.72 | ✕ Worse |
 Juggernaut | Core | 4th+ item | 278 (1.1%) | −7.13 | −10.74 to −2.54 | Inconclusive |
| Windranger | Core | 1st item | 2,379 (21.4%) | −7.21 | −8.60 to −5.80 | Inconclusive |
 Tidehunter | Core | 3rd item | 50 (0.6%) | −7.48 | −11.11 to −3.18 | Inconclusive |
 Phantom Lancer | Core | 4th+ item | 72 (0.4%) | −8.11 | −12.67 to −2.65 | Inconclusive |
| Anti-Mage | Core | 2nd item | 44 (0.3%) | −8.21 | −11.53 to −4.31 | ✕ Worse |
| Tidehunter | Core | 4th+ item | 572 (4.2%) | −8.22 | −10.70 to −4.90 | ✕ Worse |
| Slark | Core | 2nd item | 515 (3.1%) | −8.39 | −11.45 to −5.98 | Inconclusive |
| Outworld Devourer | Core | 2nd item | 425 (2.5%) | −8.67 | −11.25 to −5.99 | Inconclusive |
| Pudge | Core | 1st item | 54 (0.3%) | −8.73 | −12.40 to −5.54 | Inconclusive |
| Lina | Core | 1st item | 161 (1.4%) | −9.92 | −13.18 to −6.42 | Inconclusive |
| Ember Spirit | Core | 1st item | 69 (0.5%) | −9.96 | −14.08 to −6.33 | Inconclusive |
| Drow Ranger | Core | 1st item | 256 (0.7%) | −10.01 | −13.28 to −6.56 | ✕ Worse |
Win probability added: how much choosing an item changed the chance of winning, in percentage points, compared with what the hero usually buys in that same slot and situation. +1.0 means the choice won 1 percentage point more than the typical purchase. Unlike raw win rate, it accounts for the game state when the item was bought, so an item bought from ahead doesn't look good just because the game was already won.
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th+ count completed items. Components that become another item in most matches (Perseverance, Dragon Lance, Kaya) do not take a slot: the item they build into does. Boots get a card of their own.
The ✓ Better or ✕ Worse badge only appears when the effect passes the false discovery control (10%) in both ways of measuring: at the start of the decision and at the moment of purchase. Without a badge, the sign of the WPA is a trend.
Ranked (All Pick) matches parsed by OpenDota in the current patch. One model estimates the chance of winning from the game state; another, the effect of each item at the time of the decision. It is association, not causation: the model sees the game, not who is playing.